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Anti-NMDAR antibodies encephalitis manifesting with psychosis in an adolescent girl with ovarian teratoma: case report and systemic review
sami Taha
Sidra Medicine, Qatar
Introduction:
Teratoma is a rare type of germ cell tumor containing tissues or organs like muscles, bones, hair, or teeth. It can develop mature or immature anywhere in the body, but mostly in the spine or gonads. Ovarian teratomas constitute the majority of ovarian germ cell tumors, accounting for 95% [1][2].
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is defined as an autoimmune disorder represented by neuropsychiatric symptoms, memory disturbances, and neurological deficits, most frequently affecting young women [3]. These symptoms are usually apparent after a nonspecific prodromal phase of headache or flu-like illness [4]. In teratoma-related anti-NMDAR antibodies encephalitis, the neuropsychiatric symptoms manifest if the tumor contains neuronal tissue and anti-MNDAR. Unfortunately, sometimes these symptoms can be mistaken for psychological rather than organic illness, which leads to delayed diagnosis, treatment, and outcome [5].
In this case report, we present a case of psychosis related to teratoma and NMDAR receptors, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and the necessity of considering paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis in patients exhibiting new-onset psychiatric symptoms. A systematic review of similar cases is included in the literature review.